Introdiction:
Baroque architecture was introduced in Spain in the late sixteenth century and runs throughout much of the seventeenth century in a restrained and austere way if we compare it with the Italian baroque. Buildings are built with poor materials and with a grim looking.
Examples:
Plaza Mayor: Between 1617 and 1619 it was ordered urban space of the main square by building an enclosure with uniform and regular façade
Palacio
de Santa Cruz (1629-1636): it is placed closely
together of Plaza Mayor. The building was a jail up to the reign of Philip V of
Spain, who turned it into a Palace
- Real monasterio de la Encarnación: it is a nuns convent and it was founded in 1611, for Philip III and Daisy of Austria.
Periods of Baroque architecture in Spain:
Churrigueresque style:
It is the tendency of Spanish Baroque
architecture (the "Spanish Rococo") throughout much of the eighteenth
century. It is based on a very ornate decoration and exulting in the exterior
walls.
Examples:
-Real
Hospicio del Ave María y San Fernando: it
is a construction of the 18th century, work of Pedro of Bank, who stands out
for his baroque front.
-It is called transparente en la catedral de Toledo to a sculpture made
between 1729 and 1732 by the great Baroque sculptor Narciso Tomé
Bourbon style:
Though the churrigueresca architecture develops during the Bourbon dynasty in Spain, they are precisely these monarchs of French origin who impose in his royal constructions a baroque Frenchified art, more attached to the classic and away from the excess of Churrigueresque.
Examples:
- Palacio Real Madrid: It is a monument in classical Italian baroque, built on the site of the old fortress. The work was initiated at the request of Philip V and the first who inhabited it was Carlos III, which opened in 1714. It is considered one of the finest palaces in Europe and, also, is considered as the largest palace of Western Europe in terms of area, with 135,000 m² and 3418 rooms. The palace contains excellent rooms with numerous artistic riches, emphasizing between them the Lounge of the Throne.
a Spanish architect, mathematician
and geometrician. Juan de Herrera
completed his studies at the University of Valladolid
BARROQUE PAINTERS
- Juan de Herrera.
* Biography:
Juan de Herrera (1530 – January 15, 1597) was
a Spanish architect, mathematician and geometrician. Juan de Herrera completed his studies at the University of Valladolid in the spring of 1548. He started his architectural career in 1561 with the works in the Royal Palace of Aranjuez. In 1563 he starts his collaborations with Juan Bautista de Toledo in the construction of El Escorial. In 1562 he had written the Book of the Astronomical knowledge(Libro del saber de astronomía). After the death of Juan Bautista de Toledo in 1567, Herrera becomes the director architect of the works. Herrera modifies the plans and enlarges the program, changing the image of the façades and introducing his personal sober style. The main keys of his design are the impressive horizontal unified composition and the nude use of the granite, omitting the classical orders for large surfaces.
* Style :
Herrera’s designs have been called cold, academic, and monotonous by his detractors. While agreeing that they are severe, other critics have found them to be of harmonious proportions and, perhaps most important, expressed in a style suitable to the particular building. His addition to the west facade of El Escorial relieves the monotony of Toledo’s original plan, and his church there is a marked improvement on the latter’s earlier design. Herrera’s design for Valladolid cathedral became the model for cathedrals in Mexico and in Lima.
* Biography:
Juan de Herrera (1530 – January 15, 1597) was
a Spanish architect, mathematician and geometrician. Juan de Herrera completed his studies at the University of Valladolid in the spring of 1548. He started his architectural career in 1561 with the works in the Royal Palace of Aranjuez. In 1563 he starts his collaborations with Juan Bautista de Toledo in the construction of El Escorial. In 1562 he had written the Book of the Astronomical knowledge(Libro del saber de astronomía). After the death of Juan Bautista de Toledo in 1567, Herrera becomes the director architect of the works. Herrera modifies the plans and enlarges the program, changing the image of the façades and introducing his personal sober style. The main keys of his design are the impressive horizontal unified composition and the nude use of the granite, omitting the classical orders for large surfaces.
* Style :
Herrera’s designs have been called cold, academic, and monotonous by his detractors. While agreeing that they are severe, other critics have found them to be of harmonious proportions and, perhaps most important, expressed in a style suitable to the particular building. His addition to the west facade of El Escorial relieves the monotony of Toledo’s original plan, and his church there is a marked improvement on the latter’s earlier design. Herrera’s design for Valladolid cathedral became the model for cathedrals in Mexico and in Lima.
Main works of Juan de Herrera:
(1561)
2. Monasterio del Escorial
(1563)
South Façade of the Alcazar of Toledo
(1571-1585)
(1575)
_01.jpg/280px-Puente_de_Segovia_(Madrid)_01.jpg)
5.Puente de Segovia in Madrid
(1582-1584)
6. Valadolid Cathedral
(1589)
There are more Works that he did like Palacio de El Quexigal (1563), building since disappeared, built in Robledo de Chavela (Madrid) and Real Aposento de Torrelodones (1589), building since disappeared, built in Torrelodones.
* Narciso Tomé
* Biography:
Narciso Tomé (1690–1742) was a Spanish architect and sculptor of the late-Baroque or Rococo period.
Narciso was born in Toro. With his brother, Diego, he sculpted in 1715, the facade of the University of Valladolid. In 1721, he was named master of the cathedral of Toledo, for whom he constructed the famous Altarwork, the Transparente (1721–1732), and example of the elaborate Spanish Baroque.
* Style :
Currently not assigned to an art style.
Main works of Narciso Tomé
El Transparente, derives its name from the play of light on the altar, and is several stories high, with fantastic figures of stucco, painting, bronze castings, and multiple colors of marble, a masterpiece of Baroque mixed media by Narciso Tomé enhanced by the daily effect for a few minutes of a shaft of sunlight striking it through an appropriately oriented hole in the roof, giving the impression that the whole altar is rising to heaven.
1.The transparent of the Cathedral of Toledo.
